Cephalic Venous Aneurysm and Intravascular Papillary Endothelial Hyperplasia in a Blood Donor

Abstract

Venous aneurysms (VAs) and pseudoaneurysms (VPAs) are uncommon vascular lesions with variable etiology and location. We report a 52-year-old male blood donor who developed thrombophlebitis presenting as a right antecubital mass after multiple venipunctures. Initial duplex ultrasound revealed a saccular dilation of the right cephalic vein (15.6 × 7.8 × 25.5 mm) with thrombus, as well as thrombosis of the right brachial vein. The patient was treated with anticoagulation, followed by definitive surgical management. Histopathological examination revealed a VA, as well as intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia. A scoping review of PubMed and Scopus databases identified seven similar cases of upper extremity VAs or VPAs related to venipuncture or peripheral venous cannulation. To our knowledge, this is an unusual case of a right cephalic VA and intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia secondary to venipuncture. Current knowledge on this uncommon disease entity is summarized.