Journal of Medical Cases, ISSN 1923-4155 print, 1923-4163 online, Open Access
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Case Report

Volume 17, Number 3, March 2026, pages 101-106

Pulmonary Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma and Tuberculosis: A Rare Association With Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges

Figures

↓  Figure 1. Radiological progression of the pulmonary lesion in the right upper lobe throughout the patient’s clinical course. Red arrows highlight the sequential changes observed in the pulmonary image over time.
Figure 1.
↓  Figure 2. Histological feature of pulmonary MALT lymphoma. (a, b) H&E staining (× 4 and × 20) showing bronchial mucosa with an underlying infiltrate of small, mature lymphocytes with focal plasma cell differentiation. (c) Diffuse expression of CD20 (× 10) in lymphoid B cells. (d) Keratin staining (CK AE1/AE3 × 10) highlights the bronchial mucosa focally infiltrated by lymphocytes. (e) CD3 (× 4) is positive in companion lymphocytes. (f) BCL2 (× 10) is expressed in tumor cells. (g) CD21 (× 10) shows an expanded and colonized follicular dendritic cells meshwork. (h) Proliferation index (KI67, × 10) is low (10%) in the lymphoma cells. MALT: mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue; H&E: hematoxylin and eosin.
Figure 2.

Table

↓  Table 1. Summary of Reported Cases of Pulmonary MALT Lymphoma in Association With Tuberculosis
 
Case report Sex Age Symptoms Confirmed TB at diagnosis/past Treated TB at diagnosis of lymphoma
MALT: mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue; TB: tuberculosis; F: female; M: male.
Our case F 68 Shortness of breath, cough Yes Yes
Kou et al, 2023 [4] F 46 Fever, cough, shortness of breath, persistent right lung consolidation No/no Yes
Gu et al, 2023 [19] M 66 Cough, expectoration, dyspnea No/yes (5 years ago) No
Yang et al, 2020 [20] M 65 Increased right upper lobe shadow after 9-month anti-TB treatment No/yes No
Magazine et al, 2014 [21] M 53 Chronic cough, exertional breathlessness, intermittent fever, weight loss and anorexia No/yes (5 years ago) No
Inoue et al, 2012 [17] F 66 Right upper lobe mass in X-ray examination Yes Not available
Inadome et al, 2001 [18] M 70 Not mentioned Yes Not mentioned