Journal of Medical Cases, ISSN 1923-4155 print, 1923-4163 online, Open Access
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Case Report

Volume 16, Number 12, December 2025, pages 499-503


Aortic Dissection During Diagnostic Coronary Angiography in a Patient With Acute Coronary Syndrome: The Role of Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Figure

↓  Figure 1. (a) Right anterior oblique view of the left coronary arteries angiography demonstrates a > 95% complex stenosis (arrow) of the left anterior descending coronary artery. (b) Left anterior and cranial view of the left coronary system demonstrates contrast hang-up or staining (arrows) on the aortic root and ascending aorta. (c) TEE short axis views at the aortic valve level during systole demonstrates soft tissue echo-reflectant thickening of the aortic root posterior wall with medial and lateral extensions (arrows) and a possible small intimal tear (green arrowhead). (d) TEE short-axis view of the aortic root during diastole demonstrates aortic wall thickening (arrows) and intact ostial left main and right coronary arteries (top and bottom arrowheads, respectively). (e, f) TEE long-axis views demonstrate soft tissue thickening of the posterior aortic root and ascending aortic wall (arrows) and intact aortic valve with no regurgitation. (g) Thoracic CT demonstrates contrast uptake at the aortic root and part of the ascending aorta (arrow). (h) Repeat thoracic CT 7 weeks later demonstrates resolution of the contrast uptake at the aortic root and ascending aorta. TEE: transesophageal echocardiography; CT: computed tomography; LA: left atrium; RA: right atrium; Ao: aorta; LV: left ventricle.
Figure 1.

Table

↓  Table 1. Iatrogenic Aortic Dissection (IAD): Insights From Three Retrospective Studies
 
Aspect Dunning et al, 2000 [1] Gomez-Moreno et al, 2006 [2] Nunez-Gil et al, 2015 [3]
ACS: acute coronary syndrome; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; RCA: right coronary artery.
Incidence 0.02% (9/43,143 catheterizations) 0.04% (18/40,900 catheterizations) 0.07% (74/108,083 catheterizations)
Patient profile Mostly ACS patients undergoing PCI Predominantly ACS cases during PCI Primarily ACS cases during PCI
Mechanism RCA dissection with retrograde extension into the aorta in all cases Retrograde coronary dissection into aorta in most cases Similar: coronary dissection with retrograde aortic extension
Classification (Dunning) Class I: limited to coronary sinus Not specifically classified Not specifically classified
Class II: < 4 cm into ascending aorta
Class III: > 4 cm into ascending aorta
Management PCI (all 9 patients had stenting of the dissected RCA) Conservative (8 patients) Conservative (35 patients)
Surgery (especially for class III) PCI (10 patients) PCI (34 patients)
Surgery (3 patients: 2 aortic, 1 CABG)
None (2 patients, who died)
Outcomes Surgery in class III associated with worse prognosis During follow-up, 6 patients required not specified coronary or aortic surgical repairs. Overall mortality rate: 2.7%